Concluding Blog Post

What seminar readings, exercises, or assignments were most challenging, interesting, or rewarding for you? Why?
I found Norman's "Emotional Design" and Lagerfeld's "What Main Street Can Learn From the Mall" to be the most interesting and applicable readings. These readings dicussed several points that were particularly relaivant to design, especially when evaluating it. After I learned about visceral, behavioral, and reflective design, I began evaluating almost everything using these three aspects. We also used visceral, behavioral, and reflective design to evaluate anything we discussed or presented after that. These aspects could also be applied to a downtown location, which was discussed by Gibb in Lagerfeld's article. Lagerfeld's article was interesting because it allowed me to developed logical reasons for why I do not like downtown Kalamazoo. Learning and reading from these authors was rewarding because it opened by eyes to design... in its truest sense. Before this class, I never evaluated an item based on pros and cons. Instead, I really only judged it on my liking.
What are the most important things you learned in this seminar?

During the course of this seminar I learned the value of discussion and presentations. Before this course, I avoided any formal discussions, or giving presentations. Not only did they make me feel nervous, but also uncomfortable. However, I observed that discussion is a great opportunity to share ideas. I think this seminar's topic was relatable for all of us. Design is all around us, and we are all designers. Therefore, it was easier for me, and probably others, to participate in discussion. Similarly, presentations gave me the opportunity to feel more comfortable speaking in front of a group. In the same way, I was able to practice projecting my voice.

How might you use this learning in the future?

All of the readings and assignments for this seminar will be useful in other classes. Discussions are essential to communicate ideas. Without them, it is a lot more difficult to know what others think, especially if you never talk them outside of class. I truly believe discussions can lead one to another way of thinking, like broadening one's horizon. Professor Stull gave us all a list of discussion roles, like gatekeeping. Now I understand what a discussion is like, so I will definitely use this for my future classes. Giving simple, clear, and concise presentations will also be required in the future. Even sharing ideas with employees after college will need to conveyed in a clear and concise manner. It is always important to remember who your audience is and how they can best understand what you are presenting.

"The Secret to Turning Consumers Green"

1. The author's main points relate to turning consumers green. Researchers have discovered that consumers can be turned green through peer pressure.  Producers could create laws that require consumers to go green, but the most effective way is through peer pressure.
2. I do not think I feel peer pressured by "going green" advertisements. Going green is a personal choice, in my opinion. I choose to bike or walk whenever I can, and I choose to use a reusable water bottle instead of plastic bottles.
3. I have purchased shoes, from a a company named SimpleShoes, that are environmentally-friendly. The shoes are designed with sustainable materials, such as recycled carpet padding and reusing discard clear plastic in things like shoelaces. I do not know how I came about this company, but I believed in supporting a company that attempts to promote 100% sustainability.
4. Products are becoming environmentally friendly, one big example is the car industry. A lot of thought is being put into the design of cars so that can become more, if not completely, environmentally-friendly. Other examples include clothing companies, and technology companies. Clothing companies are using more sustainable dyes and materials, whereas technology companies are reducing the amount of material they are using.

Jennifer Steinhauser

1.  ''Today brands are built emotionally,'' Ms. Lastrina said. ''You have to get a message across and show what the brand ideology means to her life.''

The above quote depicts the value of advertisement, and its role in conveying an image. Department stores sell clothing, among other things. This article is explaining that department stores are trying to establish themselves as a brand, much like speciality clothing companies have already done. Clothing is being advertised by department stores, so that consumers become familiar with the image, which, in turn, will increase brand identity.

2. Truthfully, I can only think of one example of an ionic clothing company: Burberry. Burberry is a high end speciality clothing company, that has an image oriented towards youth. Many advertisements present models in their late teens, early twenties.  Burberry could easily be considered luxury clothing, providing a sophispicated and clean image. The Burberry image is apparent because of their signature tartan pattern.From advertisements, I gather that the company markets to privelidged young adults, but the market is also open to older individuals, too. By owning a Burberry clothing article, a customer is able to feel luxourious, while sharing an endless feeling of youth.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.refinery29.com/img/emma-watson-burberry-ad-campaign-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.refinery29.com/just-released-burberry-plucks.php&h=400&w=600&sz=106&tbnid=GakdZ6mlupIW-M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dburberry%2Bad&zoom=1&q=burberry+ad&hl=en&usg=__tZwQIEhmRASxNmyesOsTuPZW6iw=&sa=X&ei=73PmTPU625CfB4j5qfAN&ved=0CB0Q9QEwAA

3. When purchasing clothes, brand image is an important aspect for me. Brand image is partially due to reputation. If a company has a good reputation for quality clothing, I will be much more likely to purchase the article rather than buy a "nameless" brand. Although, a brand image only goes so far. Simply because the clothing looks good on the model, does not mean it will look good on the individual. Therefore, a person defines the clothing. If the individual is confident with the clothing he, or she, is wearing, the brand image can be conveyed successfully.

"Cookie Cutter Housing"

1. The author's main points address subdivisions and the difficulty of overcoming the ordinances presented to avoid any creative incentive. Engineers, for example, are presented with a recipe but are limited to experiment with it because not much support is rarely given to go beyond the minimum-based "cookie cutter housing." Instead, the author states that a licensed worker must initiate, and essentially argue, a different design for subdivisions. He also suggest that rewards should be given to innovators so that they are inspired to create houses that are different from one another, benefiting prospective families and individuals who will reside in the subdivisions.
2. I believe that subdivisions are tacky and too ordinary because many of the houses can be compared to  a "cookie cutter community." Even though I did not grow up in a subdivision, I was able to experience and observe them because most of my friends lived in them. Many, or all, houses in a subdivision are nearly identical presenting a standard and uniform image. Regardless, I think subdivisions contribute to urban sprawl, but are not the cause. I feel this is the case because the introduction of automobiles made transportation easier, and therefore more popular. Individuals were able to travel farther, faster, and did so more frequently. As this occurred, families moved into suburbs and away from the city. This relates back to subdivisions, because they provide families, or individuals, a place to live besides the country, or in the city.
3. I do not live in or near a subdivision. The author is incorrect to state that "Nobody likes the taste of “cookie cutter” development," simply because individuals with, or without, families continue to reside in them. Families could choose to live elsewhere, but are drawn to the community that is created in subdivisions. 

Biggest Mistakes in Web Design

1. Flanders' most important points are drawn from the concept that everything on a website (including its design) should be user oriented. He goes on to write "it's about solving your customers' problems." This agrees with Norman's and Negroponte's user-focused design ideas. A web design is the layout of a web-page, which should consist of readable text and contrast. A website should be easy to use and simple, much like a product or retail store should be laid out so that is can be used easily, but is also visually appealing. Another concept that Flanders addresses is the idea that the number of functions should equal the number of controls. In addition, the functions of the controls should be clear, which agrees with Norman's design concepts of everyday things. 


2. Flanders' article about "web design mistakes" states that a web design should be focused, meaning the purpose of the website should be apparent to the user at all times (Flanders states it should be within four seconds). Other important points were made in regards to readability of text -- based on size and color contrast -- difficulty level of navigation should be minimized, and javascript mistakes.


3. When surfing the web, I judge a web design on a few aspects. Overall, the website should be simple to navigate and look nice, in terms of colors going together and the website not having too much information. The text should be readable, in this case the font should be large enough and there should be contrast between the font color and the background color. I also think it is a drawback if a website takes too long to load, and pop ups should be minimized.

The Future of Retail

1. Negroponte does not explicitly state his thesis.

Retail shopping is slowly decreasing in popularity due to the connivence and speed of online shopping, however, retail shopping will not disappear because of the invaluable experience shopping brings and the obstacles that online shopping may present.

2. Retail shopping is an individual experience. Therefore, most retail shopping in store, or online, is user-focused much like Norman's concepts of user-focused design. This article is user-focused in the same regards as Norman, in some respects. One example of user-focused design is natural mapping. Online shopping can easily incorporate natural mapping into website design. Natural mapping is user-focused because it can make the website easier to use. I think Negroponte wants to convey that even though shopping at a store is an experience in itself, there are too many obstacles against it which contribute to the convenience of online shopping. This addresses Norman's user-focused design because the shopping experience is oriented towards the customer, meaning the atmosphere, while online shopping offers  customers a hassle-free experience.

3. Negroponte ideas are very relevant today, since online shopping has mushroomed. For nearly every retail store, it is possible to purchase the same items online. Many customers resort to online shopping to avoid waiting in lines and because of the convenience and speed. Online accounts can save personal billing and shipping information, so all that a customer must do is click a button. Although, online shopping has not completely taken over retail shopping. Instead, there is the option to partake in both.

4. The future of retail is in the hands of the consumers. I predict that the Future of Retail will continue the way it is currently functioning. Retail stores will probably diminish a little bit because not enough consumers are buying from shops. The cost of employing workers outweighs the benefit of customers shopping in store. Instead, customers will shop online buying the products directly from manufactures. I think this will happen to some stores. It depends largely on what the retail store sells. Customers will continue to shop at retail stores, because they need to observe more than the appearance. For example, I do not shop for clothing online. If I buy clothing, I always visit the store to feel the items and to try them on. Additionally, both types of shopping cannot exist without the other, since each offer different shopping experiences.

Downtown Kalamazoo Observations

1. As I walked downtown in Kalamazoo I observed its atmosphere, cleanliness and mixture of retail shops. Numerous banks, restaurants, and a variety of shops are a located on Burdick Street. This mixture of retail stores is accompanied by a single lane one way street, countless benches, and trash cans. The streets are clean, although many leaves cover the pavement. In addition the walkway is adorned with planters and a few trees. Some store fronts are attractive, clean, and simple, while others require maintenance. During my visit few people filled the streets, or stores, which provided an empty feeling.

2. While I visited downtown Kalamazoo, I thought of three recommendation to improve the area. My first suggestion is to add generators. The most obvious generator to me is the Kalamazoo rock climbing center. This is only one! Other students included banks as generators currently located in the downtown area, as well. I recommend adding a bowling ally, or a gym (like an article from class mentioned). Secondly, the area should try to attract a younger crowd, perhaps to college aged students. The area lacks restaurants and shops that are affordable to college students. To improve the area, shops should be more necessity based, perhaps, and they should be more affordable. Lastly, I would move the location of the Rave Motion Pictures movie theater. The movie theater is located in such an isolated area, giving the feeling that it is separate from downtown and it also feels less secure. If the movie theater was located downtown, I would be more willing to go to a restaurant afterward or beforehand. I would also have greater interest in walking the downtown area.

3. From Lagerfeld's "What Main Street Can Learn from the Mall..."
"At the corner of Clematis and Dixie Highway, one of the main intersections in town, a new gym has opened, its large plate-glass windows displaying its clientele to passing pedestrians and motorists. The gym is what Gibbs calls a "generator": the traffic it draws will help attract related businesses, such as restaurants, fast-food outlets, perhaps a sporting-goods store, to the empty storefronts nearby." 


Essentially, this passage discusses generators and their importance in a downtown area. Downtown Kalamazoo can use this advice. Like I mentioned earlier, the area has only one obvious generator -- the Kalamazoo Climbing Center. Adding generators will bring more people, of all age groups, into the area. The area will therefore feel less desolate, instead it will feel lively and welcoming. While I was downtown I saw few people, and most of which were older. Shops were nearly empty, as were restaurants. As we discussed in class, many people said that they disliked entering shops if it lacked people. To draw people into shops, it is important to have generators. I also observed that there was little to do in the downtown area. Generators would offer people opportunities, like a gym offers people a place to exercise. Downtown areas should incorporate these opportunities, otherwise they are boring.

November 5, 2010 Post

 1. The extent to which Whyte and Gibb differ depends on the aspect of the shopping area that they focus on. Broadly, Whyte evaluates cities as a whole, focusing more on pedestrian flow and observing how customers are pulled into stores by a window display, the entrance, and how second story stores attempt to attract customers. His focus is not very specific, although, he does address trash containers and makes mention of trees and benches. Additionally, Whyte observes the movement of people on a limited amount of walkway. Gibbs, however, focuses more on the downtown, "Main Street," evaluating how it can be successful, attracting people through appearance. He observes that the factors that attract customers the most is cleanliness and security. While Gibb observes downtown, he compares it to the success of a shopping mall. Whyte does not compare a city to the downtown area.
I think Whyte's analysis is more convincing, although it is difficult for me to follow. I think he address important and interesting concepts, especially the movement of the customers/pedestrians in the city. I thought his analysis of the width of the walkway was also very intriguing, and convincing. I am not convinced with Gibb's analysis after hearing students in class discuss the Novi shopping center, which he designed. Students said it was confusing, and I gathered that it is not well organized.

2. I am keen on observing human behavior in an urban area, especially where customers tend to stop and look at windows, what stores are most commonly entered, and the overall congestion of the location. It is interesting to observe what attracts people, and what does not attract them. These observations allow me to determine what designs works best and what works poorly. I am repelled by minute details, such as the type of light fixtures that are used, or the type of stone that is used. If the area is clean, and is functional, than it can be successful regardless of the stone or light fixtures.

City - William Whyte

1. Whyte notes three key points, which he discusses throughout the chapter. These points include "buildings flush to the sidewalk, stores along the frontage, and doors and windows on the street." Throughout the chapter Whyte's main points focus on how the city can be most successful through functional means. For example, the city implemented heavier trash containers, due to the stealing problem. These trash cans were not the most ideal trash receptacles because the openings were very small. This problem was somewhat reduced by scavengers. However, the surface of the trash containers served as a table, a desk and a stand, among other things.
2. Whyte's ideas on design are primarily focused on function. This can be compared to Norman's concept of behavioral design. Whyte details the various functional aspects of the city -- second stories, walkways, trash containers, window shopping, and doorways/entrances.
Although, Whyte considers the function of doorways differently than Norman would. Whyte observed the difficulty of opening entrance/exist doors to Bloomingdale's, because it requires a lot of effort. However, he does not describe this difficulty as a design flaw like Norman would. Another area of design that Norman and Whyte disagree on is visual appeal. According to Norman, visual appeal is important because it needs to "wow" a potential customer. Whyte, however, feels that too much focus on the visual aspect would dispel customers. Streets, stores, trash cans, and other things cannot be too fancy because "too much good taste" will result in a "bland conformity."
3. Checklist for urban area evaluation:

• Flow of pedestrians 
• Mixture of stores 
• Cleanliness
• Location of trash receptacles in respect to food vendors
• Street signs
• Obstructions in the walkway or store entrance -- signs, trees, benches

Steven Lagerfeld

List the criteria Robert Gibbs uses to evaluate a Main Street

1. Gibbs evaluates Main Street by observing the mall management and looking at the generators (like a gym). Another important aspect of Main Street is the appeal to local entrepreneurs that rent spaces (known as incubators). These three aspects are all considered to be in Main Street's favor. When Gibbs evaluated Main Street, he examined the placement of trees, planter boxes, and benches. He explained that these items either cover signs or they instigate loitering. Things like expensive streetlamps, trash cans, and fancy stone for the street/walkway are nothing more than money wasters, since the items simply become dilapidated over time which will look out of date. Instead, Gibb says that focus should be more on up keep, rather than fanciness. Potential customers are drawn to cleanliness in the civic realm. The realm should also be free of crime, which will be promote by visible security as to reassure the safety to customers.
When Gibb evaluates store fronts he focuses on size and signs. He has observed that small window displays typically display more expensive items whereas bigger window displays display less expensive items. In addition, Gibb observed that a store is more appealing to potential customers if the signs indicate well-known brand names. Visible brand names give a store credentials. The length of a vista is also important, as it should draw the customer to the merchandise. Additionally, he discusses the straight streets are the primarily handicap to most shopping centers because it prohibits customers from viewing the store fronts a majority of the time. Even the placement of restaurants in relation to clothing stores is important. If a restaurant is placed too close in proximity to a clothing store, it is repels customers  because they find the smell unappealing.



Think critically of Gibbs’ argument.  Do you think “Main Street” should be a mall?

2. The intention of Main Street is important because changing it into a mall will give it a completely new feel. Shopping malls are typically goal oriented towards visiting numerous stores for large amounts of shopping. I feel that Main Street should remain what it is currently because it will lose its relaxed and casual feel of community and retail diversity.


Make your own checklist to judge a Main Street.  What things do you think are important?


3. My judgement of Main Street would be based on cleanliness and order. I think including park benches in a shopping area is important because I read in an article from class that stores we actually more successful because they had numerous park benches. I would also judge the appearance on a store's window displays and my appeal to enter a store based on them. I think simple, yet detailed window displays are important. If too much is in a window display, the store gives off the feeling that it is cluttered and disorderly.

Wikipedia Page

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga

Retail Analysis

1. I observed Gap, Inc -- a popular clothing and accessory retail store that targets both men and women, including children. This brand usually appeals to the crowd ranging from 16 years to early 30s, marketing to parent's as well.
2. The entrance to Gap is surrounded by two, large, floor to ceiling glass windows. Looking through the windows, the store looks clean, well-lit, and simple.
Every customer is welcomed by subtle background music, ranging from alternative rock to upbeat faster paced music. The store does not play a specific type of music, instead the store tends to play the most current music popular among the younger crowd.
The first main display is located front and center, featuring "The Most Wanted; New + Now" The women's section is located on the right side of the store and the men's section is located on the right side of the store. Clothing is dispersed throughout either side. Jeans are either laid out on the table/counters or stack against the wall. Some sweaters are nicely folded on circular tables, but blouses and jackets are hung up on the rack.
Pine colored wood flooring runs through the whole store, even in the changing rooms.
Various sign emphasize gap's jean selection. One sign reads '1969' printed in large font. Another sign at the entrance read 'Super Tuesday' advertising the gap member card which offered a discount on Tuesdays.
The cashier area is located at the end of the store.
3. Gap, Inc. hopes to project a shopiscated, yet playful image. Their clothing is clean-cut, simple, and stylish. Their image is apparant to me because of the pictures and the design of the store. The models are youthful. Throughout the store three colors are most common: the color of pine wood, white, black, and silver (to mimic the appearance of metal). The simplicity of the store's set up is reflected in the image and the clothing.
4. Customers most commonly looked at the items that were hung up first. Other customers tended to direct their attention to the sales rack. While I was observing the store not many customers were present.
5. The store's design was interesting because it lacked organization. Knit tops were mingled with t-shirts and pants. I observed that there was too much to focus on in one area of the store. It was difficult to direct my attention toward one clothing piece to determine if I really liked it because I was easily distracted by another clothing piece.

Egg Project

Designing, building, and testing our egg container.

Christina and I had no idea how to design, or build our egg container. Students who have done this type of project before gave us insight, as well as input along the way. Christina figured that layering smaller containers inside of bigger containers to protect the egg more. In the end we only used two containers, rather than three or more.
We began by cutting a water jug in half, using the bottom half as our base. Then we placed cotton balls on the bottom and layered it with a piece of cardboard. Christina created our tiny egg container by cutting two water bottles in have, and then layer them inside one another with the egg. The egg container was taped shut so that it would hold together. In the mean time, I used tissue paper, more cotton balls, and paper towel to create more padding so that the egg container would be nestled inside of the jug and padding.
Then we had the wonderful idea to create a parachute. We poked two holes into the jug, and double bagged two plastic bags (placing one inside of the other) taping the handles together. We had no way of connecting the bag to the jug until we thought of using hair ties. We attached the bag to the jug, but Christina pointed out that the parachute covered to much of the jug. I picked up a garbage from my room, which we ended up using as our parachute. The corners of the garbage bag were taped and then whole punched. Taping the corners with masking tape prevented the bag from ripping. We connected the hair ties with a rolled up piece of tape at each end. The tape was tied to the bag and then to the jug in four locations.
We tested the container about five times without the egg in it. After several trail runs, we were happy with the results and concluded by placing the egg into our padded container and taping a final piece of cardboard over the top of it.
Testing the egg during class was really successful. The parachute worked great! The container landed nicely the first and second time it was dropped. I was a little nervous about our parachute, at first, because it was a little windy outside.

http://christina2014.blogspot.com/

"The Science of Shopping" Malcolm Gladwell

1. Gladwell addresses the idea that human behavior in retail can be analyzed in several ways and be used as the seller's advantage. Therefore, the design of a retail store matters just as much as the design of the product it is selling. Anyalsizing the behavior of what people want to shop for is necessary information to set up a store accordingly. If the retail store wants to sell their product they will do so in any way possible. For example, the Polo Ralph Lauren is set up to mimic a men's club creating the kind of atmosphere that the brand has interest in conveying to appeal to certain customers.
2. I am influenced by a store's design in so much as I am more willing and interested in entering a store if it is organized, simple, but also appeals to my taste. A store's design, on the other hand, does not influence whether I to buy or not to buy.
3. My checklist would include the following:

• Amount of clutter
• Simplicity
• Organization 
• Variety
• Color
• Spaciousness 
• Atmosphere (is it to my liking)  
• Employees politeness, friendliness and helpfulness. 

Packaging Design "Isn't it iconic" & "The Power of The Box"

1. A product's packaging is extremely important in marketing. A consumer receives his/her first impression of  a product through its packaging; considering that packaging is the shape, color, font, graphics and material of any given product used to protect the contents. A consumer new to a product may only have other people's reviews to judge a product and his/her own personal response when viewing a product's packaging. From this first impression, the consumer is  either drawn to the product, feels indifferent, or is appalled by it.

Packaging has influenced my decision when purchasing teas. I like the taste of mostly every tea, so I choose which tea I will buy based on the packaging. If I am attracted to the package's appearance  I am more likely to buy it.

2. The signature Tiffany's box is a product that I would consider to have iconic packaging. No matter the product purchased from Tiffany & Co., it always comes in a small Tiffany blue colored box, with a neatly tied bow wrapped around it. The company's packaging, especially through it's branding color separates Tiffany's from other jewelers today. Other products include Fiji water bottles, Coca-cola bottles (like the article "Isn't it Iconic" mentioned), certain food items like Kit Kat and Ramen Noodles.

3. Usability issues exist for packaging when it does not protect its contents and if the packaging is not reusable. In cases where a product fails to protect its contents we can look at a bag of flour, or a bag of chips. The packaging for a bag of flour is typically made of paper, which is easily ripped or torn. The same applies to the packaging of chips in foil bags; the bag does little to protect the chips from being crushed. When packaging is not reusable, we run into the problem that the packaging in not made with recyclable material, and that the package itself cannot be closed to store its original contents well, or that it cannot be used to serve some other purpose. I think an example of good packaging usability is the Whole Foods 365 bag of cane sugar. This bag has a ziploc opening which allows it to be closed easily. The bag is made of plastic which is sealed well, and can be used just like a ziploc bag when the sugar is all gone. An example of poor packaging usability, as previously mentioned, is a bag of flour. The packaging is usually paper which does not protect the contents and the flour cannot be easily stored with its original packaging.

"Know it All" Stacy Schiff

1. Schiff's main point is to share Wikipedia's birth and development as an online encyclopedia. She also touches on past attempts to create an encyclopedia long ago. I also think the author addresses the point that Wikipedia provides information about topics that are truly random. For example, she states that the traditional encyclopedia was not written to contain information on "Sudoku or about prostitution in China." Schiff brings to light that Wikipedia is a limitless outlet of information.
2. "The encyclopedic impulse dates back more than two thousand years and has rarely balked at national borders. Among the first general reference works was Emperor’s Mirror, commissioned in 220 A.D. by a Chinese emperor, for use by civil servants. The quest to catalogue all human knowledge accelerated in the eighteenth century. In the seventeen-seventies, the Germans, champions of thoroughness, began assembling a two-hundred-and-forty-two-volume masterwork. A few decades earlier, Johann Heinrich Zedler, a Leipzig bookseller, had alarmed local competitors when he solicited articles for his Universal-Lexicon. His rivals, fearing that the work would put them out of business by rendering all other books obsolete, tried unsuccessfully to sabotage the project."


The supporting evidence in this passage is effective because the topic sentence  is followed by facts that state previous attempts to create reference books, like an encycloypeida. Schiff gives more information regarding previous attempts instead of simply stating for how long it has been attempted. I found this passage interesting because it shared the evidence that not only Americans, most recently, sought to create an encyclopedia. 


3. Obviously, Wikipedia seems to be more informal in regards to who can access, edit, and glean from their information. Wikipedia's design set up appears to be more simple. Any user can simply type in a keyword, or subject and find information. Encyclopedia Britannica has created various categories such as featured video, this day in history, and world atlas; it appears to be much more complex. Wikipedia breaks a topic in to various subtopics and also includes a table of contents. Encyclopedia Britannica does not work as well, because it lacks a table of contents and subtopics (the information on the subject is a long article). The design of Wikipedia might appeal more to an individual looking for fast information and Encyclopedia Britannica might appeal more to someone conducting research on a subject.  

"Organization and Preparation Tips" - Garr Reynolds

1. The author makes a very important point by determining who the audience for the presentation is. Two other important points are what the point of the presentation is, and lastly, having confidence in how to get the information across.

2. I will utilize the author's tips by planning the presentation on paper, by either creating an outline or just doing general brainstorming. After this step I will begin with just giving basic information about the topic. Once I have completed this, I will return to the beginning to do a run through to determine how the information flows. If more information, or the addition of stories enhances the presentation I will add them. After the slides are prepared I will give the presentation to myself, speaking out loud. Making necessary adjustments,  I will then proceed to give the presentation to my friends for other feedback.

3. Presentation preparation is much like product design in a few ways. Simplicity is one major commonality between the two. The author states that a presentation should be simple as to not confuse the audience and to stick with what is important. This concept is also used in product design because a product should be simple so the consumer understands and is able to use the product. Another commonality is between designing a product and preparing a presentation is planning. Planning allows the end result to flow with pertinent information or function.

1. It would be super interesting to study testing design, transportation design, service design, and logo design. Each of these interest me and I would like to understand how they work.

Emotional Design (Part 2)

1. "Package designers and brand managers are looking beyond graphic elements or even the design as a whole to forge an emotional link between consumers and brands." "People keep the empty bottles, sometimes refilling them with tap water, which, of course, demonstrates that the entire success of the product lies in its package, not its contents."

The previous sentences come from a passage I found interesting, detailing the design of water bottles. Water is a necessity for living, therefore it seems like it would not matter what type of container it comes in. In one respect, some brands of water, have become more than water. Its seems like water has become classy through a few name brands, although it is still water. This passage also intrigued me because it gave insight of how human behavior is a little peculiar. Sometimes consumers are drawn to some things and not others.

2. Each of these categories fulfills, and also describes, a category of design, especially to how one relates to a product. If I think about it, I am initially drawn to a product because I am drawn to the way it looks. After my initial attraction, I focus on the function and usability. This part is particularly important, to me, because I rarely buy something just because I like the way it looks. Lastly, I incorporate reflective design, because I consider how owning the product is reflected, and I also associate meaning with any given product. Behavioral and reflective design are names that fit the description of the category. I interpret behavioral as how something behaves, its function or use. When I read reflective design I automatically think about reflection, especially personal reflection. Visceral design requires more though, given the definition of visceral. An initial appeal to a product does come for inward from a connection draws you. When drawn to a products appearance, I do think about its use or its cost. Overall, I believe the names suit the description of each category.

3. To answer this question, I think it depends largely on the type of product being designed. I think the two most important are visceral and behavioral design because it applies to most products. The way I interpret reflective design, promotes the idea that reflective design cannot be created by a designer. I think reflective design that will either happen naturally with a product, or it will not. Products that I would associate with visceral design are anything related to appearance -- clothes, shoes and accessories.  Behavioral design is probably incorporated into hand tools and power. Lastly, judging products as fulfilling the category of reflective design is not something I think the designer can create. I believe each consumer establishes his or her own reflective design.

Emotional Design - Norman

1. Norman details three parts of a design that make in successful. He address these key points as visceral, behavioral, and reflective. I think Norman is saying that although we may judge a product by its appearance, practicality, and cost. Consumers also consider how it makes them feel, and what type of memory has been created with that object/product. Even though an important aspect of design is appearance, more importantly is how consumers use the product.
2. In this chapter, Norman takes a boarder view of design. Concepts, mentioned in The Design of Everyday Things, such as natural design, conceptual model, and feedback are crucial, but they make up the visceral, behavioral, and reflective aspects of design.  In this chapter Norman focuses more on how a product attracts a customer and the emotion behind the relationship between the product and the consumer, rather than the functionality of a given product.
3. 1) The Porsche 911 Carrera succeeds visceral design, for me. Even though I have never driven in the car I am simply attractive to the style of the car; my reaction is typically "Wow, I like it" when I see it.
    2) Products that succeed as behavioral design are tools, such as hammer, screw drivers, nails, screws, etc. When I use these products, I use them solely for their usability. I do not choose one hammer over another based on its look.
    3) A necklace I received for my 18th birthday is a product that has succeeded as reflective design. I really love the necklace I was gifted, I associate much more to that product than the product itself.

The Porsche 911 Carrera succeeds as visceral design because of its reputation as a luxurious product with a sleek design and high performance. I believe tools succeed as behavioral design because they are simply designed for usability. I believe the only difference between two of the same tools may just be that one fits better to your hand gripping... but this goes back to usability, not appearance. My necklace has succeeded as reflective design because it is beautiful. Because the necklace is beautiful, I enjoy wearing it. When I wear it I feel special, and I am reminded of all those who support and believe in me, and I am reminded of the memories created that day.

Donald Norman Part 2

1. "Designing well is not easy. The manufacturer wants something that can be produced economically. The store wants something that will be attractive to its customers. The purchaser has several demands.In the store , the purchaser focuses on price and appearance, and perhaps on prestige value. At home, the same person will pay more attention to functionality and usability. The repair service cares about maintainability: how easy is the device to take apart, diagnose, and service? The needs of those concerned are different and often conflict. Nonetheless, the designer may be able to satisfy everyone."

In my opinion, Norman makes a crucial point in this paragraph. Although designing is not easy, he states that it is possible to fulfill the desires and needs of all those involved in the life of a product. He shares who is involved from start to finish.  This is interesting because there are numerous products that are simply a pain to use, and therefore cause problems for the other groups involved in the process.  If we know products can be designed well, why do consumers continue to support designers who do not satisfy everyone? I also found this passage interesting, because I was not aware of how many different areas are involved in a product; it is actually quite amazing.

2. In this chapter Norman makes points that are true and timeless to any product regardless of the time in which it is, or was, produced. I believe these are relevant today because his points are true. In order to design a product well, the designer needs to seek feedback and should also include the aspect of natural design and visibility. Using a product should make sense. Designers glean from Norman's chapter because he addresses these points, because simplicity is really what consumers seek.

3. The simplicity of using the product is definitely important. If the product is too complicated with the amount of controls and functions I would rather save myself the headache. I will also look into the factors I had previously mentioned: appearance, size, comfort, style, durability, cost, quality, and practicality.

Donald Norman

1. Norman is making several important points in this chapter. I believe one important point is that certain products are just designed poorly. Sometimes there are too many functions but not enough controls.  That said, numerous products are overwhelming and a little over the top. In some cases simplicity is important. Another key point Norman observed is the lack of communication between the designer and the user. A designer cannot create a well designed product if it is not usable by the person who is mostly likely to use it. Another point addressed is that a product is successful if it incorporates natural design and does not need much explaining.
2. I recently encountered a product in Welles Dining Hall that I had difficulty using.  I wanted to add milk to my coffee, so I attempted to use the milk dispenser like any other beverage dispenser. I pushed the handle down but felt resistance. I stopped and tried to figure out why I was having trouble. After some contemplation I tried pulling the nozzle up rather than pushing down. Fortunately this worked! First, the product lacked visibility because there was no signal as how to release the milk. The product failed to incorporate natural design because it was not usable in the way you would assume. Rather than pushing down to release the milk, I had to pull up.
3. Ipod designers addressed Norman's principles by creating a simple product that was than tested by others for feedback. In addition, the number of functions is about equal to the number of controls. The user is not overwhelmed. The ipod is well designed because it is easy to understand and it is usable. The product also incorporates visibility by simply including a little picture for the forward, backward, pause, play, and menu button.

"The Perfect Thing" Steve Levy

1. The process of developing a functional and attractive MP3 involved numerous elements. Fadel and Ng evaluated products that were similar and had the idea out there. Together they wanted to create something that would have a long battery life, would be pocket size, would be able to store more than 30 songs, and would have a sleek appearance. Evaluating existing products allowed Fadell to brainstorm. With his new ideas he sought the knowledge of others to answer his questions. Then Fadell spent time creating real life versions to experiment with its appearance and weight. The article also illustrates the step of the design process of presenting the product to receive feedback.
2. In order to evaluate the "perfect thing" I consider its compatibility with iTunes and my existing operating system. Other factors would include its ability to store all of my songs, appearance, and my ability to understand how to use it and all of the features.
3. As a current iPod owner, I am happy to say that it is a great product. I believe it to be worth every penny. The size of the ipod is ideal, it has a long battery life, and it is also easy to use. On the other hand, I am not a fan of the shake to shuffle feature. It is inconvenient and I feel it is easier to hit the next button. I would enjoy the ability to store songs on my ipod but be able to exclude some songs on the shuffle feature. Sometimes I listen to shuffle and I end up skipping many songs I do not want to listen to at the time. For example I have Christmas songs on my ipod. I want to keep the songs on my ipod but exclude them from shuffle.

Opening

I watched a documentary during the summer titled 'Objectified.' Numerous people, especially those in the field, spend a lot of time and put much thought into how and why things are designed the way they are. I learned about the design of a special kind of toothpick designed in Japan. The toothpick was designed in such a way that the top could be easily broken off so it could be identified as used. This feature would also provide for a rest for the end of the pick utilized if the user wanted to set it down. I would recommend this documentary, especially to those interested in design, because it is informational in an entertaining manner.